Why I am an Atheist & other Works

Why I am an Atheist & other Works

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  • Update Date:2025-09-06
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  • Author:Bhagat Singh
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Summary

Bhagat Singh is a name that became synonymous with revolution in India’s struggle for Independence。 This young boy brought about a change in the way people thought about freedom。 He was well read and fought extensively for rights – his own, his comrades’ and his countrymen’s。
A discussion with a friend soon turned into a matter of self-assessment for Bhagat Singh, leading to a discourse on why he chose to be an atheist。 Even in the face of death at a very young age, his uncanny observation leads to his putting forth some pertinent questions。 On another occasion, he was disappointed with his father’s plea in court for his innocence and chose to write a letter to him。
This book is a collection of eighteen of his valued writings from within the walls of prison and outside it, which show us the resolve in his words, and the bravery in his acts subsequently。

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Reviews

ISHAN AZAD

This book is a collection of eighteen of Shaheed Bhagat Singh's valuable writings。 It starts with the most famous of the lot - "Why I am an atheist"。 The subsequent writings, letters and discourses are equally enthralling, enlightening and thought provoking。 What surprises me the most is the fact that such discourses originated from the mind of a twenty something year old。 The level of maturity, mental clarity and progressive vision which oozes out of these pieces of writing appears as if they b This book is a collection of eighteen of Shaheed Bhagat Singh's valuable writings。 It starts with the most famous of the lot - "Why I am an atheist"。 The subsequent writings, letters and discourses are equally enthralling, enlightening and thought provoking。 What surprises me the most is the fact that such discourses originated from the mind of a twenty something year old。 The level of maturity, mental clarity and progressive vision which oozes out of these pieces of writing appears as if they belong to a person with the experience of Yoda。 His views on "revolution" are eternal and will continue to inspire generations of youngsters who advocate a constructive change in the socio-political structure。 These works offer a vivid view into the mind of Bhagat Singh and the reader can't help marvelling at the profound depth of the thought of the young freedom fighter。 He sacrificed his life for the nation, for nurturing the revolution - which was dearer to him than anything else in the world。 He talks a lot about the power of free thought and how it flows from generation to generation and such majestic works by his own hand are majorly responsible for keeping his "thought" alive even today。 。。。more

Nisha Bharti

Wonderful collections of writings of Bhagat Singh。 Everyone should read it once。No reviews, just read it。。

Vishwas Patel

Today,India needs more mind like bhagat Singh than fakegurus。

Gokulakrishnan Mgk

A man of courage and powerful mind。 The line which says "Study to enable yourself while approaching enemies" (words may defer meaning is same) is so powerful。 A man of courage and powerful mind。 The line which says "Study to enable yourself while approaching enemies" (words may defer meaning is same) is so powerful。 。。。more

Dwarakeshwaran Malathi Magesh

VERA LEVEL BOOK!!!

Akshat Dwivedi

Enriched with so many philosophical-cum-rational thoughts, this book is a masterpiece memoir of legendary freedom fighter Sh。 Bhagat Singh。 Entrenched with hardships in prison, he made his tryst with letters, written to his comrades, family, office bearers and they reflect the charismatic die hard patriot who is ready to lay down all he has for revolution。 A must read for all Indians。 Jai Hind。

Abhijeet Dangat

We learned about Bhagat Singh's patriotism and bravery in school, but we were never informed about his atheist and socialist views。 This book contains his 5000+ words essay 'Why I am an Atheist' and some of his letters and notes from the time of his trial。 He was hanged at age 23。 I am so impressed with how well-read he was by then, his writings, his vision and of course, his fearlessness。 Please read it to know the psyche of the legend himself。 Hoping the lost books he wrote in prison are found We learned about Bhagat Singh's patriotism and bravery in school, but we were never informed about his atheist and socialist views。 This book contains his 5000+ words essay 'Why I am an Atheist' and some of his letters and notes from the time of his trial。 He was hanged at age 23。 I am so impressed with how well-read he was by then, his writings, his vision and of course, his fearlessness。 Please read it to know the psyche of the legend himself。 Hoping the lost books he wrote in prison are found someday。 。。。more

Rohit Janga

Goosebumps

Shivam Dheeran

"My life is not so precious, at least to me, as you may probably think it to be。 It is not at all worth buying at the cost of my principles。" - Bharat Singh "My life is not so precious, at least to me, as you may probably think it to be。 It is not at all worth buying at the cost of my principles。" - Bharat Singh 。。。more

Abhishek Mishra

This book is a collection of essays, letters, statements of Bhagat Singh during his lifetime。 In just 100 pages, this book has the ability to change the way you think and the way you perceive situation around you。I cannot recommend this book enough。 Everyone should read this。

Ajeemsha S

All fundamentalists who claimed them as nationalists must read this book。

Kaniraj Shenbaga

First, Why I am an Atheist is not really a book in the conventional sense。 Its author Bhagat Singh died nearly ninety years ago at the young age of 23。 During his brief lifetime Bhagat Singh wrote some articles, Why I am an Atheist was his last article, and letters in his native tongue Punjabi。 The book is a collection of eighteen of Bhagat Singh’s writings translated in English。 The longest is the article with the title of the book, 19 pages。 Many articles are short in length; the article M First, Why I am an Atheist is not really a book in the conventional sense。 Its author Bhagat Singh died nearly ninety years ago at the young age of 23。 During his brief lifetime Bhagat Singh wrote some articles, Why I am an Atheist was his last article, and letters in his native tongue Punjabi。 The book is a collection of eighteen of Bhagat Singh’s writings translated in English。 The longest is the article with the title of the book, 19 pages。 Many articles are short in length; the article Message to Punjab Students’ Conference is a little over 200 words。 Bhagat Singh did not intend to publish them as a book though the book mentions his name as the author。 One wonders, who gets the royalty money。There is no additional explanation to the articles in the book。 There is no information about the source of the articles and the name of the translator。 The publishers, Shrishti Publishers and Distributors, haven’t taken the effort in keeping with the valiant spirit of Bhagat Singh to produce a quality book。 There are several printing errors in this short book and the English translation is not up to the mark。 The physical form of the book may be of poor quality, but Bhagat Singh was a horse of another color。 The redeeming value of the book is providing the material to have an insight into the personality of Bhagat Singh directly from his writings instead of through secondary sources。 The 5* rating I gave in Goodreads is for the material in the book。 The physical copy of the book merits only 1* rating。 An 18-foot bronze statue of Bhagat Singh was unveiled in the Indian Parliament House complex on the Independence Day of 2008。 Bhagat Singh is celebrated by all in India now。 Indian film industry too has profitably made nearly a dozen movies based on Bhagat Singh’s life。 Even those whose economic, social and religious ideologies are directly opposed to Bhagat Singh’s embrace him as a symbol of nationalism。 On the 113th birth anniversary of Bhagat Singh, 26 September 2020, the Prime Minister pf India Mr。 Narendra Modi in his Mann ki Batt (Inner Thoughts) address spoke highly of Bhagat Singh describing him as brave, knowledgeable, and a thinker。 my link text However, the very title of this book and Bhagat Sing’s own Mann ki Batt therein would me anathema to many like him in India。 Some excerpts from the book: I think I am convinced to the extent of questioning the soundness of the old faith。 I have been convinced to the non-existence of a conscious supreme being who is guiding and directing the movements of nature。 We believe in nature and the whole progressive moment aims at the domination of man over nature for his service。 There is no conscious power behind it to direct it。 That is what our philosophy is。 Don’t quote your Puranas。 I have no scope to touch your mythologies。Writing about the unjust so-called god-decreed punishments,What about the punishment of those people who were deliberately kept ignorant by the haughty and egotist Brahmins who had to pay the penalty by bearing the stream of being led (not lead) for having heard a few sentences of your sacred books of learning – the Vedas? The phenomenon of Bhagat Singh can be understood better by combining readings from other books。 For example, consider some excerpts from India’s Struggle for Independence。 Bhagat Singh and B。K。 Dutt were tried in the assembly bomb case。 … Their fearless and defiant attitude in the courts – every day they entered the court room shouting slogans ‘Inquilab Zindabad,’ ‘Down, Down with Imperialism,’ ‘Long Live the Proletariat’ and singing songs such as ‘Sarfaroshi ki tamanna ab hamare dil mei hai’ (our heart is filled with desire for martyrdom) – was reported in newspapers; unsurprisingly this won them the support and sympathy of people all over the country… Bhagat Singh became a household name in the land。 … Bhagat Singh, Sukh Dev and Rajguru were sentenced to be hanged。 The sentence was carried out on 23 March 1931。 … And many persons, all over the country, wept and refused to eat food, attend schools, or carry out their daily work, when they heard of his hanging … In his last message of 3 March 1931, he declared that the struggle in India would continue so long as ‘a handful of exploiters go on exploiting the labour of common people for their own ends。 It matters little whether these exploiters are purely British capitalists, or British and Indians in alliance, or purely Indians。’ That leads to the question: While so many others too had sacrificed their lives for the cause of Indian independence, why Bhagat Singh alone is lionized? This excerpt again from India’s Struggle for Independence may provide some answer。 Bhagat Singh … was a giant of an intellectual。 A voracious reader, he was one of the most well-read political leaders of the time。 He had devoured books in the Dwarkadas Library at Lahore on socialism, the Soviet Union and revolutionary movements, especially those of Russia, Ireland and Italy。 At Lahore, he organized several study circles with the help of Sukhdev and others and carried on intensive political discussions。 When the HSRA (Hindustan Socialist Republican Association) office was shifted to Agra, he immediately set up a library and urged members to read and discuss socialism and other revolutionary ideas。 His shirt pockets always bulged with books。 Which he constantly offered to lend his comrades。 After his arrest he transformed the jail into a veritable university。 Emphasizing the role of ideas in the making of revolution, he declared before the Lahore High Court, ‘The sword of revolution is sharpened on the whetting-stone of ideas。’ This atmosphere of wide reading and deep thinking pervaded the ranks of the HSRA leadership。Additionally, watch the documentary Inqilab directed by Gauhar Raza, my link text, that portrays Bhagat Singh’s love for books。 Bhagat Singh hailing from a modest background never went to an advanced foreign country; still, he had read more than one hundred books in his short lifetime。 A target, tall and distant for me to attain yet。 He read until his last breath。 Article 12 in Why I am an Atheist is a letter Bhagat Singh wrote from Lahore Central Jail to his school friend Jaidev Gupta on 24 July 1930, just eight months before he was hanged。 It was an amazing letter。 Excerpt:My dear Jaidev,Please take following books in my name from Dwarkadas Library and send them through Kulvir on Sunday。 Militarism (Karl Liebknecht) Why men fight (B。 Russel) Soviets at Work Collapse of the Second International Left-Wing Communism Mutual Aid (Prince Kropotkin) Fields, Factories and Workshops Civil War in France (Marx) Land Revolution in Russia Spy (Upton Sinclair) Please send one more book from the Punjab Public Library: Historical Materialism (Bukharin)。 Also, please find out from the librarian if some books have been sent to Borstal Jail。 They are facing terrible famine of books。 … please ask Lala Firoz Chand to send some interesting books of his choice。 … This work is a must。 Please keep this in mind。 Also send Punjab Peasants in Prosperity and Debt and 2 or 3 books of this type for Dr。 Alam。 If we encounter a man of rare intellect, we should ask him what books he reads。” – Ralph Waldo Emerson by 。。。more

Jerry Jacob

The book is a collection of letters bhagat singh wrote in his lifetime。 The letters talk about his personal beliefs of religion to demanding more favourable prison conditions for his fellow prisoners and to talking out his friend Sukhdev when he thought of suicide。 This book gives us a glimpse inside the mind of the revolutionary, how he faced various circumstances and his responses。 My favourite take on bhagat singh was that he wasn't some random guy who took upon the cause of revolution rather The book is a collection of letters bhagat singh wrote in his lifetime。 The letters talk about his personal beliefs of religion to demanding more favourable prison conditions for his fellow prisoners and to talking out his friend Sukhdev when he thought of suicide。 This book gives us a glimpse inside the mind of the revolutionary, how he faced various circumstances and his responses。 My favourite take on bhagat singh was that he wasn't some random guy who took upon the cause of revolution rather he studied it ,read about it, his decisions were guided by Reason which we can easily infer by reading the letters from this book。 。。。more

Saroj Kumar Biswal

First, The title is misleading, I had expected a pretty long reading about being atheist ,but it was just 10 min read。 And I don't agree with him。 Anyways, personal choice But at the later stages of this collection of letters, it gets pretty boring。 Seems like blabbering of a 24yr old young man, who was inspired with Utopian Socialist Ideology, following closely the works of LENIN, Marx , frequently drawing comparisons with Bolshevik revolution。。。well we all know how that turned out。Probably, he First, The title is misleading, I had expected a pretty long reading about being atheist ,but it was just 10 min read。 And I don't agree with him。 Anyways, personal choice But at the later stages of this collection of letters, it gets pretty boring。 Seems like blabbering of a 24yr old young man, who was inspired with Utopian Socialist Ideology, following closely the works of LENIN, Marx , frequently drawing comparisons with Bolshevik revolution。。。well we all know how that turned out。Probably, he would had changed his opinion , had he lived longer。。。wont recommend this to others。。As per the authors own words in one of his letters "PLEASE DO NOT READ IT TO FOLLOW BLINDLY AND TAKE IT FOR GRANTED WHAT IS WRITTEN ON IT。 READ IT, CRITICIZE IT, THINK OVER IT, AND TRY TO FORMULATE YOUR OWN IDEAS" 。。。more

Bushra Khan

I had always wanted to know more about Bhagat Singh。 A person my age when he was hanged。 What drove him? How he withstood all that fell his way? I got some answers。 But I am gonna go through other books on him as well。

Pratheeksha

"Where is God? What is he doing? Is he enjoying all these woes of human race? A Nero; a Changez。 Down with him! ""If you oppose the prevailing faith, if you criticize a hero, a great man, who is generally believed to be above criticism because he is thought to be infallible, the strength of your argument shall force the multitude to decry you as vainglorious。"I can go on and on with quotes from this little treasure called 'Why I Am an Atheist'。Comrade Bhagat Singh, my hero! After admiring him fo "Where is God? What is he doing? Is he enjoying all these woes of human race? A Nero; a Changez。 Down with him! ""If you oppose the prevailing faith, if you criticize a hero, a great man, who is generally believed to be above criticism because he is thought to be infallible, the strength of your argument shall force the multitude to decry you as vainglorious。"I can go on and on with quotes from this little treasure called 'Why I Am an Atheist'。Comrade Bhagat Singh, my hero! After admiring him for all these years I finally devoured his valued writings。 How could he, a boy of 23, write these powerful words? How could he think of nothing but revolution when he was in prison? Writing down the reasons for being an atheist and sending it out to the world so boldly, dear comrade, I have never admired anyone so deeply! You are an inspiration, you are a role model, you are nothing but revolution。 If there is one book that I insist everyone has to read, it is this book。 If you are an Indian, you must read this book because it's time you choose a right role model。 If you are not an Indian, you must read this too because it's important that you understand the true Indian spirit before calling my India a third world country。 。。。more

E_books_special

Book: Why I am an atheist?AUTHOR: Bhagat Singh🌹🙏(Great patriotic)CAUTION ⚠️: You may become ATHIEST after reading this book。Do you believe in the existence of omnipotent?🕉️✝️☪️The book is infused with the author's liberal thoughts。This book is written by a great Indian social revolutionary and hero of the Indian independence movement。 Who sacrificed his life for the nation at age of 23。He is the way ahead of his time, a great thinker, and a writer。______🙏🌼🇮🇳Bhagat Singh🇮🇳🌼🙏The author has beautif Book: Why I am an atheist?AUTHOR: Bhagat Singh🌹🙏(Great patriotic)CAUTION ⚠️: You may become ATHIEST after reading this book。Do you believe in the existence of omnipotent?🕉️✝️☪️The book is infused with the author's liberal thoughts。This book is written by a great Indian social revolutionary and hero of the Indian independence movement。 Who sacrificed his life for the nation at age of 23。He is the way ahead of his time, a great thinker, and a writer。______🙏🌼🇮🇳Bhagat Singh🇮🇳🌼🙏The author has beautifully explained with his great thinking power, Why, and how he is an atheist by his liberal thoughts but not by his vanity。Some of the intresting points discussed by the Author。Like 1)Is god exist?2)What is the origin of the world and humans?And explained how the origin of the world and humans is nowhere related to the almighty supreme。3)What is the necessity of GOD in society? and how it helps it。--💮Some thoughts of the author which I liked personally💮--- ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~🌼'Belief' softens the hardships, even can make them pleasant。 In God, man can find very strong consolation and support。 Without Him, the man has to depend upon himself。 To stand upon one's own legs amid storms and hurricanes is not a child's play。🌼💮The day we find a great number of men and women with this psychology who cannot devote themselves to anything else than the service of mankind and emancipation of the suffering humanity; that day shall inaugurate the era of liberty。💮 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Totally book will make your brain tricky if you are a true theist。HE is an atheist but also a great soul🇮🇳。🙏🏵️This book will change the perspective towards god。I am 101% sure the book will change something in readers。Must read book💯 。。。more

iceburst

Interesting read。

Pragya Mishra

His thoughts are timeless and so is his spirit for the absolute freedom beyond the shackles of oppression。 Though the book apart from his writings could have been more elaborate about Bhagat Singh and his life。 However, there is not a speck of doubt about the value his writings carry。

Arunayan Sharma

To know Bhagat Singh from his thoughts and ideas, you must read this book。

dinesh Kudtarkar

23rd March 1931This date carved into my heart since many years。I had a chance to read his thoughts in forms of letters depicted in this book。What fascinates me more is that, at such a young age he had vision/desire not only for freedom from clutches of British empire, but a thought process for building new India, which are clearly mentioned in those letters。 Many leaders during that time lacked this vision, which ultimately resulted in division of India。I salute to this martyr。 A Legend。

Dhruv

Any man who stands for progress has to criticize, disbelieve and challenge every item of the old faith - Bhagat SinghThe read was quite short in terms of the number of pages but, way too big of a task to read through those lines and not feel the perseverance of the author。 If you are versed in the history of Indian freedom movements and Indian freedom fighters, Bhagat Singh would be a familiar name。 Each word, each sentence leaves a remarkable impression on the reader。 The book is an amalgamatio Any man who stands for progress has to criticize, disbelieve and challenge every item of the old faith - Bhagat SinghThe read was quite short in terms of the number of pages but, way too big of a task to read through those lines and not feel the perseverance of the author。 If you are versed in the history of Indian freedom movements and Indian freedom fighters, Bhagat Singh would be a familiar name。 Each word, each sentence leaves a remarkable impression on the reader。 The book is an amalgamation of various letters and essays by the author, which primes the user to read further on the references made by the author。 。。。more

Nilesh Bane

Great letters by a true revolutionary depicting how well he had read on global revolutions, a realist, with clear principles and knowing what a revolution should be。。 as it’s not just freedom from foreign government, but a reform to the society as well, and the idea of violence also being important to garner power for long term peace。All this at the age of 23 and almost a century ago。 These letters will make you realise all the more what big loss his hanging was to Indian polity。

Abhineet

ONE SENTENCE DESCRIPTION (Why I am an Atheist): ਦਰਸ਼ਨ ਮਨੁੱਖੀ ਕਮਜ਼ੋਰੀ ਜਾਂ ਗਿਆਨ ਦੀ ਸੀਮਤਤਾ ਦਾ ਨਤੀਜਾ ਹੈ(“Philosophy is the outcome of human weakness or limitation of knowledge”)TIMELINE COVERED: 5th April 1929 – June 1931CONTEXT: The first book comprises of physical documentation of events that constructed the life and death of Late Bhagat Singh along with his critically acclaimed essay “Why I am an Atheist” which he penned down in 1930 in Lahore Central Jail。THEME –1) ATHEISM2) ANARCHIST (EXTREMIST ONE SENTENCE DESCRIPTION (Why I am an Atheist): ਦਰਸ਼ਨ ਮਨੁੱਖੀ ਕਮਜ਼ੋਰੀ ਜਾਂ ਗਿਆਨ ਦੀ ਸੀਮਤਤਾ ਦਾ ਨਤੀਜਾ ਹੈ(“Philosophy is the outcome of human weakness or limitation of knowledge”)TIMELINE COVERED: 5th April 1929 – June 1931CONTEXT: The first book comprises of physical documentation of events that constructed the life and death of Late Bhagat Singh along with his critically acclaimed essay “Why I am an Atheist” which he penned down in 1930 in Lahore Central Jail。THEME –1) ATHEISM2) ANARCHIST (EXTREMIST NATIONALISM)3) TRIALS AND TRIBUNALS4) LEGACY OF AN IDEABhagat Singh wrote this essay as a response to his religiously hard-headed fellow comrade Late Sachindra Nath Sanyal, he who questioned the atheism of Bhagat and termed it as a result of vanity。 One thing that I particularly liked about Mr Singh’s response is that he was equally critical about all the religions (unlike what our Pseudo- Secular Modern Historians write about)。 He has openly questioned the very existence of God and asks his fellow readers not to confuse his Atheism with his egoism。Bhagat Singh also emphasizes the need to study and research thoroughly about a subject, before criticizing it。 According to him, it is an absolute necessity to arm yourself with arguments in favour of your ideology which is opposing the current system。The other works mentioned in this book serve as first-hand documentation of Mr Singh’s life events。8th April 1929 – Red Pamphlet – The Leaflet left across the Central Assembly hall, which was bombed by Singh and Dutt。 The content of this leaflet is basically I notice from HSRA to the Officials of the Government, to stop their age-long exploitation。6th June 1929 – Statement of Singh and Dutt in Assembly Bomb Case – The statement acts as a series of answers given by Bhagat Singh to the questions raised by government officials and Congress Moderates over his involvement in the bombings。 Mr Singh defends the bombing and criticizes it being termed as an act of violence (with no one getting hurt) and rather symbolizes it as an act of realization for the government。 。。。more

Anjali Jpk

Nobody can forget the name Bhagat Singh, when they hear the word revolution!!!。。he was a well read patriot whose only aim was to get freedom to our nation。Through his writings, one can be sure, he was not afraid of death, rather he accepted it with pride and honour。。every parents will be proud to name their son after him!!!。。。a book must read by every individual who blame our country and its culture。。。Live long revolution!!!

Aayushi

Lovers, poets and lunatics are made of the same stuff - Bhagat Singh at such a young age was a man of wisdom。 He had strong principles and ideology, which he developed overtime, a very small amount of time which he got to live。 He is an inspiration to the youth, through his essays, he tries to make the reader understand the depth of a situation。 It is the hardest moments of your life, that need the best version of you and help you become one。 He preaches that suicide is no solution, and to exper Lovers, poets and lunatics are made of the same stuff - Bhagat Singh at such a young age was a man of wisdom。 He had strong principles and ideology, which he developed overtime, a very small amount of time which he got to live。 He is an inspiration to the youth, through his essays, he tries to make the reader understand the depth of a situation。 It is the hardest moments of your life, that need the best version of you and help you become one。 He preaches that suicide is no solution, and to experience pain is a part of plan。 The times in life where you feel broken and lost, try and remember why did you start in the first place。 He strongly recommends to have a clear goal, to know exactly what you want from life。Through his writings, it is quite evident that he was an avid reader and at every opportunity, tried to preach his comrades too。 He was a great man and his letters give an eye-opening insight into him。 。。。more

Pranay Vuppala

This review has been hidden because it contains spoilers。 To view it, click here。 Very much manipulation can be seen when their protests are glorified everywhere else。If not for letters to Dutt this book offers nothing fair to feel good。

Anita CJ

A goodread when you view with the perspective of someone sacrificing his life at a very young age as a true revolutionist。 Teaches us to be courageous。 But less impactful than expected。

Dhatchinamoorthy RS

பகத்சிங் என்ற பெயரைக் கேட்டவுடனே நினைவுக்கு வருவது இளம் வயதில் தூக்கிலிடப்பட்ட சுதந்திர போராட்ட வீரர் என்பதேயாகும்。 ஆம் தூக்கு மேடையை பகத்சிங் முத்தமிட்ட போது அவருக்கு வயது 23。பகத்சிங் உடைய வாழ்க்கை வரலாற்றை ரத்தினச் சுருக்கமாக சொல்ல வேண்டுமென்றால் 23 வயதில் தூக்கு மேடை ஏறியவர்。 பாராளுமன்றத்தில் குண்டுகளை வீசி ஆங்கிலேயரை அதிர வைத்தவர்。 தீவிரமான மார்க்சியவாதி 。 இறக்கும் தருவாயிலும் ,அதாவது தூக்கு மேடை ஏறுவதற்கு சில நிமிடங்கள் வரையிலும் , லெனினுடைய அரசும் புரட்சியும் நூலைப் படித்துக் கொண்டிருந்தவர பகத்சிங் என்ற பெயரைக் கேட்டவுடனே நினைவுக்கு வருவது இளம் வயதில் தூக்கிலிடப்பட்ட சுதந்திர போராட்ட வீரர் என்பதேயாகும்。 ஆம் தூக்கு மேடையை பகத்சிங் முத்தமிட்ட போது அவருக்கு வயது 23。பகத்சிங் உடைய வாழ்க்கை வரலாற்றை ரத்தினச் சுருக்கமாக சொல்ல வேண்டுமென்றால் 23 வயதில் தூக்கு மேடை ஏறியவர்。 பாராளுமன்றத்தில் குண்டுகளை வீசி ஆங்கிலேயரை அதிர வைத்தவர்。 தீவிரமான மார்க்சியவாதி 。 இறக்கும் தருவாயிலும் ,அதாவது தூக்கு மேடை ஏறுவதற்கு சில நிமிடங்கள் வரையிலும் , லெனினுடைய அரசும் புரட்சியும் நூலைப் படித்துக் கொண்டிருந்தவர்。இத்தகைய வீரரின் வாழ்க்கை வரலாற்றை சுருக்கமாக சொல்லி விட்டு செல்லுதல் அறம் ஆகாது。 பகத்சிங்கின் நான் ஏன் நாத்திகன் ஆனேன் கட்டுரையைப் படித்தால் அவரைப் பற்றிய சரியான புரிதல் கிட்டும்。பகத்சிங்கின் எழுத்துக்களை வாசித்தவுடன் உணர்ச்சிப்பெருக்கில் எழுதப்பட்ட எழுத்துக்கள் இவை 。1920களில் 1930களில் எழுதப்பட்ட எழுத்துகளை இப்பொழுது படித்தாலும் உணர்ச்சிப்பெருக்கு ஏற்படுத்துவதாய் உள்ளன。 இரத்தமும் சதையும் புரட்சி என்னும் கருத்தால் ஊறிப்போன ஒருவராலேயே இத்தகைய எழுத்துக்களை தருவிக்க முடியும்。தூக்கிலிடப்படும் முன் வரை நாத்திகத்திலும் கம்யூனிசத்திலும் புரட்சியிலும் தளராத நம்பிக்கை கொண்டிருந்தவர் பகத்சிங்。 லெனினின் தீவிர பற்றாளர்。 கொண்ட கொள்கையை மரணம் வரை மாறாமல் பின்பற்றியவர்。 இவரைக் குறிப்பிடும்போது தீவிரவாதி என்று வரலாற்று அறிஞர்கள் பொத்தாம் பொதுவாக குறிப்பிடுகின்றனர் 。அது தவறு。 தன்னை தீவிரவாதி என்று சொல்வதை அறவே வெறுத்தார் பகத்சிங்。 நான் தீவிரவாதி அல்ல。 ஒரே ஒரு முறை பாராளுமன்றத்தில் குண்டு வீசினேன் 。 அதுவும் ஆங்கிலேயே அரசை எச்சரிப்பதற்கு தானே தவிர உயிர்களை எடுக்க அல்ல。 உயிர்களை எடுக்கும் உரிமை நமக்கு இல்லை 。அகிம்சை வழியில் சித்தாந்த ரீதியாக போராட்டத்தை நிகழ்த்தவேண்டும்。 தவிர்க்க முடியாத சூழலில் தான் ஆயுதங்களை ஏந்த வேண்டும் என்று எண்ணுபவராக விளங்கினார்。If the deaf are to hear, the sound has to be very loud - Bhagat Singh。யுத்தங்களும் வன்முறையும் மட்டுமே விடுதலையைப் பெற்று தந்துவிடாது என்ற தெளிவு பகத்சிங்கிற்கு இருந்தது。 அதே சமயம் தகுந்த நேரத்தில் அவற்றை உபயோகிக்கும் அறிவாற்றலும் பெற்றிருந்தார்。 புரட்சி என்பது ஆயுதத்தால் நிகழக்கூடியது அல்ல என்று சொன்னவர் அவர்。 தேர்ந்த வாசிப்பாளரான இவர் வாழ்ந்த குறுகிய காலத்திலும் கம்யூனிசத்தின் சித்தாந்தங்களையும் லெனின் எழுத்துக்களையும் பிற பிரபல நாத்திகர்களின் வரலாறுகளையும் படித்துத் தேர்ந்தார்。 ரஷியாவைப் போல இந்தியாவிலும் தொழிலாளர்களால் புரட்சி உண்டு பண்ண இயலும் என்று ஆழ்ந்த நம்பிக்கை கொண்டிருந்தார் 。 மதம், சாதி உணர்வுகளை அறவே வெறுத்தவராக விளங்கினார்。குண்டு வீசிய வழக்கில் தன்னைக் கைது செய்த ஆங்கிலேயே ஆட்சியாளர்களிடம் இவர் தந்தை மன்னிப்பு கடிதம் எழுதி பகத் சிங்கிற்கு பதிலாக அனுப்ப, அவ்விஷயம் கேட்டு வெகுண்டு எழுந்தார் பகத்சிங்。 தந்தையிடம் மிகவும் கடிந்து கொண்டார்。 தன் உடலை வாங்கும்பொழுது கண்ணீர் விட வேண்டாம் ; அது இளைஞர்கள் இடத்தில் உள்ள புரட்சியின் இறுமாப்பைக் கரைத்துவிடும் என்று தன் தாய்க்கு கடிதம் எழுதினார் பகத்சிங்。தூக்கிலிடப்பட போகிறோம் என்று தெரிந்த பின்பும் சிறையில் அடைக்கப்பட்ட அரசியல் கைதிகளின் உரிமைக்காக உண்ணாவிரதமிருந்து போராடினார் 。 இளைஞர்களால் மட்டுமே புரட்சியை உண்டாக்க முடியும்; எனவே அவர்களை கருத்தியல் ரீதியில் ,சித்தாந்த அடிப்படையில் தெளிவுபடுத்த வேண்டும்; மக்களை அறிவு படுத்தவேண்டும்; பாட்டாளி உழைக்கும் வர்க்கத்தினை விழிப்புறச்செய்ய வேண்டும் என்று விருப்பம் கொண்டார்。கடவுளையும் காந்தியடிகளையும் ஏனைய பெருந்தலைவர்களையும் கேள்விக்கு உட்படுத்த வேண்டும்。 அவர்கள் விமர்சனங்களுக்கு அப்பாற்பட்டவர்கள் அல்லர் என்பதை வலியுறுத்தி சொன்னவர் பகத்சிங்。 சமுதாயத்தில் மண்டிக்கிடந்த மூடநம்பிக்கைகளையும் சமய பழக்க வழக்கங்களையும் கேள்விக்கு உட்படுத்தி அவற்றை ஏற்க மறுத்தார் பகத்சிங்。நடப்பவை அனைத்தும் இறைவன் சித்தம் என்று விளக்கம் கூறினால் உங்கள் இறைவனுக்கும் நீரோவுக்கும் செங்கிஸ்கானுக்கும் என்ன வேறுபாடு என்று கேட்டார்。ரோம் நகரே பற்றி எரிந்து கொண்டிருந்த பொழுது பிடில் வாசித்துக்கொண்டிருந்தான் நீரோ。 ஆயிரக்கணக்கான மக்களை பொழுதுபோக்காக நெருப்பில் கொளுத்தி குளிர் காய்ந்தவன் செங்கிஸ்கான்。 இத்தகையோருக்கும் மக்களை துன்புறுத்தும் உங்கள் கடவுளின் திருவிளையாடல்களுக்கும் என்ன வேறுபாடு என்று ஆத்திகர்கள் செவிலில் அறைந்து கேட்டார் பகத்சிங்。தூக்கு தண்டனை விதிக்கப்பட்ட பின்னர் அதனை விரைந்து நிறைவேற்றும்படி ஆங்கிலேயருக்கு கடிதம் எழுதியவர் 。 பாராளுமன்றத்தில் குண்டு வீசிய போது எந்த மனிதருக்கும் அடிபட்டுவிடக்கூடாது என்பதில் கவனமாக இருந்தார்。 அவர் நீதிமன்றத்தில் "நாங்கள் எதிர்ப்பது ஆங்கிலேயே ஏகாதிபத்தியத்தை தானே தவிர எந்த ஒரு தனி நபரையும் அல்ல " என்று சொல்லும் அளவுக்கு கொள்கை தெளிவு அவரிடம் இருந்தது。 மனிதரின் உயிர் மேம்பட்டது 。அது இந்தியரின் உயிராய் இருந்தாலும் சரி ஆங்கிலேயரின் உயிராக இருந்தாலும் சரி 。எந்த உயிரும் ஒன்றுக்கு ஒன்று சளைத்தது அல்ல என்று வன்முறையிலும் அகிம்சையைக் கடைபிடிக்கும் முரண் கொண்டவராக பகத்சிங் விளங்கினார்。தன்னையும் தன் நண்பனையும் தூக்கில் ஏற்றி விடுவதால் மட்டும் புரட்சி ஒய்ந்து விடாது என்றும் கருத்தியல்களை வன்முறையால் நசுக்க முடியாது என்றும் ஆங்கிலேயே அரசு நெற்றிப்பொட்டில் அடித்துச் சொன்னார் பகத்சிங்。 சமூக விடுதலை முக்கியம் என்று பேசிய பகத்சிங் அதற்கு முன்பு அரசியல் விடுதலை வேண்டும் என்பதை உணர்ந்தவராக விளங்கினார்。 தொழிலாளர் வர்க்கத்தின் அதிகாரத்தை ஆதரிப்பவராக இருந்தார்。They can kill me, but they cannot kill my ideas -Bhagat Singh。மக்களிடம் கொள்கை தெளிவில்லாமல் , தற்கால நிலையை உணராமல், எட்ட வேண்டிய தூரத்தை கணக்கிடாமல் புரட்சி சாத்தியமில்லை என்று உரக்கச் சொன்னார் பகத்சிங்。 விடுதலை என்னும் வேட்கையில் ஆங்காங்கே ஆங்கிலேயருடன் சமரசம் செய்து கொள்ளும் நடவடிக்கைகளை நடைமுறைவாதம் சார்ந்து அவற்றை ஆதரித்தார்。 ரஷ்யாவில் நடந்த புரட்சியின் சுவடுகளை இந்தியாவில் தேடினார் 。ரஷ்யாவை போலவே இந்தியாவிலும் ஏகாதிபத்திய அரசுகளும் முதலாளித்துவ சமூகமும் நிலவுடைமை சமூகமும் கவிழ்ந்து பாட்டாளி வர்க்கத்தின் ஆட்சி மலரும்。 என்றேனும் ஒரு நாள் இது நடந்தே தீரும் என்று நம்பினார் பகத்சிங்。துளி அளவும் சுயநலம் இல்லாமல் மக்களின் விடுதலையை ஒரே குறிக்கோளாக கொண்டு முழுமூச்சாக தன் வாழ்க்கையை மக்களுக்காக அற்பணித்த மாவீரர்。 இனம் ,சாதி ,மதம் கடந்து மக்கள் என்ற ஒன்றுபட்ட போர்வைக்குள் அனைவரையும் கொண்டு சமத்துவ சமுதாயத்தை நிறுவ விரும்பினார்。தன் தோழர்களிடம் தங்கள் கருத்துகளையும் புரட்சியையும் இயக்கத்தின் கொள்கைகளையும் முன்னிலைப்படுத்தவும் ,தனிமனித வாழ்வின் இன்ப துன்பங்களை துறக்கவும் கூறினார்。 மக்களின் விடுதலைக்கான ஒப்பற்ற இப்போராட்டத்தில் முழுமனதோடு ஈடுபடுதல் வேண்டும் என்று அறிவுறுத்தினார்。எதிரிகளின் வாதங்களுக்கு அறிவு சார்ந்து எதிர்வாதம் வைக்கவும் தங்கள் இயக்கத்தின் கொள்கைகளை அடுத்த கட்டத்திற்கு கொண்டு செல்லவும் படிப்பு உதவும் 。எனவே அனைவரும் படிக்க வேண்டும் என்று அறிவு வேட்கையை ஊட்டியவர் பகத்சிங்。'Study' was the cry that reverberated in the corridors of my mind - Bhagat Singh。மன்னிப்பு கேட்டிருந்தால் தண்டனையிலிருந்து தப்பிக்க வாய்ப்பிருந்தும் கொள்கையில் இருந்து இறக்கும் தருவாயிலும் வழுவக்கூடாது என்று தன் கொள்கைப்படி நின்று வாழ்ந்து காட்டினார்。 தூக்கு மேடை ஏறும் முன்வரை நாத்திகத்தைக் கடைபிடித்தவர் அவர்。 கடவுளை வணங்குவது மனிதனின் பலவீனம்。 துயரங்களைத் தாங்க இயலாத மனிதர்களின் புகலிடமே கோயில்களும் கடவுள்களும்。 அவற்றை நான் நிராகரிக்கிறேன்。 அவை அறிவு சார்ந்தவை அல்ல。 உயர்ந்த வகுப்பினர் தங்கள் அதிகாரத்தை நிறுவ புணைக்கப்பட்ட கதைகளாகும் அவை என்று எழுதினார்。அடுத்த வாரம் தூக்கிலிட படுவேன் என்று அறிந்தும் கடவுளின் மீது பாரத்தைப் போட்டு என் கொள்கைமீது கறை படிய நான் அனுமதிக்க மாட்டேன்。 என் துயரங்களைத் தாங்கும் தைரியம் உடையவனாக இருப்பேன்。 எந்நிலையிலும் கடவுளிடம் மண்டியிட மாட்டேன் என்று இறக்கும் தருவாயிலும் நாத்திகத்தை கடைபிடித்தார்。புதிய சமுதாயத்தை கட்டமைக்க கல்வியையும் அறிவையும் அஹிம்சையும் பயன்படுத்துமாறும் அதற்குத் தடையாய் வருவனவற்றை தகர்த்தெறிய மட்டுமே ஆயுதங்களை பயன்படுத்துமாறும் அறிவுரை கூறினார்。 "இன்குலாப் ஜிந்தாபாத் - Long live the revolution " என்னும் முழக்கத்தை தீயாக பரவச்செய்தார் பகத்சிங்。 விடுதலை வேட்கையையும் புரட்சியையும் தாரக மந்திரமாக் கொண்டு செயல்பட்டார்。இளம் வயதில் இத்தகைய கொள்கை தெளிவுடனும் வீரத்துடனும் வாழ்ந்த பகத்சிங் இந்தியாவின் ஈடு இணை இல்லாத புரட்சியாளர்。 。。。more

Kunal

One wishes that more and more people read the ideology behind the actions of the great revolutionary。 Written in the face of a possible life imprisonment or execution, the essays not only makes some very compelling arguments but show how earnestly he felt about these ideas。